Shoulder Arthritis
Shoulder arthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the bones in the shoulder joint wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. The most common type is osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition caused by age-related wear and tear. Other forms include rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune condition) and post-traumatic arthritis (developing after injury). Arthritis in the shoulder can affect either the glenohumeral joint (where the arm meets the shoulder blade) or the acromioclavicular (AC) joint at the top of the shoulder.
Diagnosis of Shoulder Arthritis
Shoulder arthritis is diagnosed through:
-
Medical history review (progression of pain, prior injuries, or family history).
-
Physical exam to check for tenderness, stiffness, and grinding sensations.
-
Range of motion tests to measure limitations.
-
Imaging such as X-rays to confirm cartilage loss, bone spurs, or joint narrowing.
-
MRI may be ordered if soft tissue involvement is suspected.
Treatment for Shoulder Arthritis
While shoulder arthritis cannot be reversed, physical therapy helps manage symptoms and maintain joint function. Treatment may include:
-
Manual therapy to improve joint mobility and decrease stiffness
-
Stretching exercises to restore flexibility in the shoulder
-
Strengthening programs for rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers to reduce stress on the joint
-
Postural correction to improve alignment and reduce pressure on arthritic joints
-
Pain management techniques such as heat, ice, or electrical stimulation
-
Education on activity modification to reduce flare-ups
In advanced cases, injections or surgical options (such as joint replacement) may be recommended, but PT remains essential for both pre- and post-surgical recovery.
Symptoms of Shoulder Arthritis
Common symptoms of shoulder arthritis include:
-
Dull or aching shoulder pain that worsens with activity or at night
-
Stiffness and reduced range of motion
-
Grinding, popping, or clicking sensations in the joint
-
Swelling or tenderness around the joint
-
Weakness in the arm due to pain or restricted movement
-
Difficulty performing daily tasks like reaching overhead or behind the back
Prevention of Shoulder Arthritis
To slow the progression of shoulder arthritis and reduce flare-ups:
-
Stay active with low-impact exercises (swimming, cycling, walking)
-
Avoid repetitive heavy lifting or overhead activity that strains the joint
-
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint stress
-
Practice good posture and ergonomics at work and during exercise
-
Strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and upper back for better support
-
Address shoulder pain early with therapy to prevent worsening symptoms